Phytochemicals, Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ferulago macrocarpa Extracts from Lorestan

Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss. commonly known as Chavil e Roshanball in Persian is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family that grows in the west of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical components, phenolic contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of F. macrocarpa flower and leaf from Lorestan, Iran.IC50 values, total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of flower and leaf extracts were 481.75 and 1505.59 μg/mL, 59.33 and 45.57 mg Gallic acid equivalents, 45.76 and 11.53 mg Catechin equivalents and 0.73 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per g of dried extract, respectively. The flowers extract exhibited inhibitory effects on Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of the flower and leaf extracts by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) resulted in twenty-seven molecules consisting 97.42% of the total flowers extract volatile, and forty-four molecules consisting 94.91% of the total leaves extract volatile. The major components were bornyl acetate (37.1%), terpinolene (9.99%), thymol (7.46%) and limonene (6.39%) in the flower extract, and bornyl acetate (37.91%), o-cymene (7.83%), 2-hexanal (7.01%) and camphene (5.57%) in the leaf extract.